Compared to patients with big ET-1 <0.54 pmol/l, patients with big ET-1 ≥ 0.54 pmol/l were more likely to have elder ages, non-paroxysmal AF, diabetes mellitus, previous myocardial infarction, previous coronary stent implantation, previous CABG, heart failure, previous stroke/transient ischemic attack, peripheral arterial disease, previous bleeding events, creatinine clearance <60 ml/min, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (all p < 0.05), which corresponded with the relatively higher CHA2DS2-VASc score (p < 0.001) and HAS-BLED score (p < 0.001). The gene discussed is EDN1; the disease is Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.