CTBP1 and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: NADPH-dependent transcriptional repressor C-terminal-binding protein 1 (CtBP1) was increased in fibroblasts from the pulmonary arteries of chronically hypoxic calves or idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients, which shaped the metabolic reprogramming of PH-fibroblasts toward glycolysis (46).