XIAP and neoplasm: However, this study also reveals the risk of single target approaches in selecting for resistant tumor cells; thus, current research seeks to inhibit parallel survival pathways by targeting anti-apoptotic proteins such as the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1/2 (cIAP1/2), and survivin to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapeutics, antibody based-therapies, and TRAIL therapy[155].