Gudehithlu et al. (2019) found that urine EV ceruloplasmin (CP) was increased in LN patients. What’s more, in biopsied cases, CP was strongly localized to kidney tubules, suggesting that the CP found in urine EVs came from the kidney. Moreover, in mouse models, urine EV CP were observed to increase prior to proteinuria, indicating it could be an early biomarker to diagnose kidney disease (Gudehithlu et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene CP and lobular neoplasia.