VEGFA and breast carcinoma: These defects are induced by different tumor-derived factors [extensively reviewed in (116, 117)], among which are VEGF (119), TGFβ (120), IL10 (121), PGE2 (122) or tumor-produced polyamines (123), and are responsible for a deficient induction of anti-cancer T lymphocyte proliferation and activation, thus contributing to breast cancer evasion from immunosurveillance.