CTLA4 and metastatic melanoma: In a publicly available dataset (Chen et al., 2016) of metastatic melanoma patients undergoing ICB (i.e., “on-treatment”, not “pre-treatment”), this sum of rank was an excellent predictor (area under ROC curve = 0.96 for our gene panel vs 0.54 for the control genes) of eventual response to CTLA-4 blockade and PD-1 blockade (Figure 4), confirming that our gene panel (Figure 1) can distinguish between future responders and future non-responders early in the course of ICB.