APOB and atherosclerosis: Atherosclerosis is initiated by a large number of abnormally metabolized lipids including apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins (apoB LPs) continuously enter into the vascular intima to trigger an inflammatory response dominated by macrophages in the vascular wall (Chistiakov et al., 2015; Tabas, 2017), promote the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) (Durham et al., 2018), cause the vascular wall thickening and the lumen narrowing, and finally develop atherosclerosis (Wang et al., 2015; Bennett et al., 2016).