NFKB1 and Venous thrombosis: Firstly, as the initiating factor of the inflammatory cascade, TNF-α regulates downstream NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways through its receptor to promote the release of IL-6, IL-8, IL-1, and other inflammatory factors by macrophages, thereby inducing the activation of macrophages, lymphocytes, and other cells, and aggravating vascular endothelial injury and deep venous thrombosis (27).