Consistent with the in vitro results, the evidence of IHC staining also showed strong activation of the STING and NF-κB in tumor grafts of LLC-bearing mice that received Ce6 PDT, implying that STING and NF-κB molecules were activated of cells (both macrophages and tumor cells) in the tumor grafts (Figure 9). Here, NFKB1 is linked to neoplasm.