MTOR and Insulin resistance: APS might boost IRS-1 and Akt phosphorylation, triggering the PI3k signal transduction pathway to improve ISI by activating the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-Ang-(1–7)-Mas axis and inhibiting the mTOR/4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP-1)/S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) signaling pathway (Simanshu et al., 2017; Santos et al., 2018; Ma et al., 2019; Sun et al., 2019); excessive intake of energy or insulin resistance causes overexpression of mTOR, which activates 4EBP-1 and S6K1 phosphorylation.