Notably, PZH has exhibited therapeutic efficacy against tumor metastasis and EMT by targeting the TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway, resulting in a decrease in N-cadherin, TGF-β, p-Smad2/3, and Smad4 expressions, while an increase in E-cadherin expression in vitro and in vivo (Lin W. et al., 2015). Here, SMAD4 is linked to neoplasm.