IL4 and Hepatic fibrosis: Butyrate decreases inflammation and alleviates further liver fibrosis by promoting production of the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-10, and by inhibiting the expression of the genes coding for the inflammatory molecules transforming growth factor β 1, interleukin 1α (IL-1α), IL-17α, tumour necrosis factor α and F4/80.