Thymoquinone increased cognitive impairment in AD rats and reduced Aβ formation. Thymoquinone also significantly reduced TNF- α and IL-1β as well as downregulating the expression of TLRs pathway key effectors and downstream effectors NF-κB and IRF-3 mRNAs at all dose levels. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and Alzheimer disease.