MDM2 and Insulin resistance: Functional enrichment analysis showed that the main functional pathways were the p53 signaling pathway, apoptosis, insulin resistance, etc. Coregulation network of RASGs and RBPs further identified the involvement of gene-level in the pathological changes in DR (Figure 3(d)); FAM111A, CIRBP, GOLGA2P7, MDM2, NFE2L1, KDM4A, MCM7, and IDH1 (Figure 3(f)) were the most relevant RASGs.