Although cystatin C levels could also indicate renal dysfunction, a number of scholars have reported the association of higher cystatin C levels,with an increased risk of cardiovascular-related death [37], a higher degree of intracranial and extracranial artery stenosis, and the presence of vulnerable plaques in patients with acute ischemic stroke [38, 39]. The gene discussed is CST3; the disease is Abnormal renal physiology.