In coronary artery disease (CAD), exosomes have been associated with endothelial injury and inflammation, via increasing production of inflammatory factors such as IL‐1β, TNF‐α and ICAM‐1, which may, in turn, cause endothelial dysfunction and potentially worsen the development and progression of CAD (Zhang, Liang et al., 2021). Here, TNF is linked to coronary artery disorder.