TRAF3 and cancer: Although there are no reports on the relationship between ORF3a and tumor diseases, studies have shown that the ORF3a protein of 2019-nCoV 2 activates the NLRP3 inflammasome by promoting TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3)-dependent ASC ubiquitination [20], and the activated NLRP3 inflammasome can improve colitis-related cancers induced by methoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate in mice [21].