We found that PKLR modification in PCa cells could alter expressions of NE (CHGA, CHGB, ENO2, and SYP) markers that are positively associated with stem cell (NANOG and SOX2) marker expressions and negatively associated with androgen-responsive genes (Fig. 1I and Supplementary Fig. S1B–D). Here, SOX2 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.