In addition to sepsis and upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6, IL-1ß, and TNF-α) production, the association of miR-192-5p with regulation of the miR-192-5p–X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis axis in this condition has been investigated in animals [54] (Fig. 6). The gene discussed is PSMB5; the disease is Sepsis.