JUN and cancer: Existing studies have revealed that the anomalous expression of critical oncogenes in most paediatric cancers is dependent on aberrant transcription induced by SEs, including that of MYCN (encoding the MYCN proto-oncogene, a BHLH transcription factor) in NB [11, 12], MYC (encoding the MYC proto-oncogene, a BHLH transcription factor) in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia [13], GFI1 (encoding the growth factor independent 1 transcriptional repressor) in medulloblastoma [14], and JUN (encoding the Jun proto-oncogene, an AP-1 transcription factor subunit) in glioblastoma [15].