ALB and heart failure: Kolijn et al. [34] showed that 1 h treatment with EMPA (0.5 μM) in the absence of albumin of skinned fibers from LV biopsies of patients with preserved ejection fraction heart failure (HFpEF) significantly attenuated oxidative parameters and oxidized Protein kinase G Iα (PKGIα), resulting in improved phosphorylation of myofilament proteins and diminished cardiomyocytes stiffness, together with decreased levels of cytokines.