TGM4 and neoplasm: EVs expressing biomarkers such as CD63 and caveolin-1 are known to act as potential indicators of melanoma [52]; those enriched with migration inhibitory factor act as predictive markers of liver metastasis in patients with PC [53]; and those tumor-derived EVs with markers like prostate-specific transglutaminase and stem cell antigen are indicative of tumor burden in patients with PCa [54, 55].