PLAUR and central nervous system cancer: For example, inhibiting the expression of uPA/uPAR blocks the invasion of glioma SNB19 cells by reducing Ras mediated phosphorylation of FAK, p38MAPK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and ERK1/2 and MAPK kinase (MEK) activation of the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway [63].