TNF and gestational diabetes: The study aims were: (1) to compare the levels of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10), and plasmatic metanephrines concentrations in women with GDM with or without OSA, homogeneous in age and body mass index (BMI) in the third trimester; (2) to examine relations between the inflammatory/sympathetic profile and carbohydrate metabolism; and (3) to relate systemic inflammation/sympathetic profile with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.