Inflammatory cytokines can directly target skeletal muscle cells to induce muscle wasting by increasing myostatin production (Zhang et al., 2013), which both together, enhances protein degradation and reduces protein synthesis, as CKD illustrates catabolic conditions which are attributable to the vicious cycle generated between mineral dyshomeostasis and inflammation (Czaya and Faul, 2019b). The gene discussed is MSTN; the disease is chronic kidney disease.