Recently, combination immunotherapy strategies with RT in glioma treatment have been investigated in both preclinical and clinical studies.17,48 Although the clinical benefit of these combination treatments awaits confirmation, more than 10 clinical trials using immunotherapies combined with RT for gliomas are in progress.17,48,49 Together, our results suggest the potential of VEGF-C mRNA as a new means of RT-related combination therapy. Here, VEGFC is linked to glioma.