Given that there were no treatment-related changes in tumor infiltration by CD206+ M2 macrophages nor CD11c+/MHC II+ M1 macrophages/dendritic cells, we postulate that the F4/80+ population increased by TMZ consists of naïve M0 TAMs and microglia, and that addition of AF16 to TMZ diminished this population, possibly by activation-induced cell death42. The gene discussed is MRC1; the disease is neoplasm.