In this regard, inhibitors of PD-1 (e.g., pembrolizumab, nivolumab, cemiplimab) and PD-L1 (e.g., atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab) have shown clinical efficacies against different types of solid tumors, including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), urothelial carcinoma and bladder cancer. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and melanoma.