In addition to LDL-C levels, other lipid components, such as Apolipoprotein-B (ApoB), Apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1), LDL and HDL particles (LDL-P and HDL-P), small, dense LDL cholesterol (sdLDL-C), and Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] may also be elevated and associated with atherosclerosis. The gene discussed is APOB; the disease is atherosclerosis.