CHI3L1 and hydrops fetalis: In the MR analysis, however, only 3 proteins (CSF-1, Gal-3, and KIM-1) showed positive associations with risk of HF, whereas the remaining 5 (ADM, CHI3L1, CTSL1, FGF-23, and MMP-12) showed negative associations, suggesting causal protective effects (Figure 3).