Another marker, Epithelial-cadherin (E-cadherin), a cell-surface adhesion molecule, is essential in maintaining apical-basal polarity in epithelial cells (cell-cell adhesion), and is known to decrease during EMT, while also known to be present in metastases (Petrova et al., 2016), suggesting metastasis may not be solely dependent on early EMT, but more likely a result of a hybrid or E-M cooperative phenotype in migrating tumor clusters (Jolly et al., 2019; Sinha et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene CDH1 and neoplasm.