For example, the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab have shown significant advantages in melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and urothelial carcinoma, and have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (39–41). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.