NPPB and atrial fibrillation: After adjusting for confounding factors, such as age, smoking, prevention indication, ICD/DCM, NYHA functional class, BMI, diabetes, AF, hemoglobin, creatinine, LVEF, and the use of diuretics and digoxin, compared with that in the lowest quartile, the hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CI across increasing quartiles were 1.77 (0.71, 4.43), 3.98 (1.71, 9.25), and 5.90 (2.43, 14.30) for NT-proBNP, as shown in Table 2.