PRKCE and Alzheimer disease: PKCε is critical in synaptogenesis and memory (Prekeris et al., 1998; Aranda-Abreu et al., 1999; Hama et al., 2004), and the present study demonstrated that DCPLA and bryostatin can rescue the loss of blood vessels by preventing and/or restoring the loss of PKCε, MnSOD, and VEGF that may contribute to improved learning acquisition and memory retention in animal models of normal aging (as shown in the present study) and AD transgenic mice Tg2576 and 5xFAD (Hongpaisan et al., 2011, 2013; for review see Govoni et al. (2010), Talman et al. (2016)).