We also measured changes in PKCε, MnSOD, and VEGF in microvessels associated with MV density in the hippocampus and the therapeutic effects of the PKCε activators 8-(2-(2-pentyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-cyclopropyl)-octanoic acid (DCP-LA) and bryostatin in age-related memory impaired rats, AD transgenic mice Tg2576, and/or autopsy-confirmed AD human subjects. The gene discussed is PRKCE; the disease is Alzheimer disease.