Interestingly, it has been demonstrated that 5-nitrofurans, as nifurtimox and nifuroxazide, are bio-activated by ALDH1 and 2 enzymes into reactive nitro-species thus selectively target ALDH expressing melanoma stem cells, inhibiting tumor growth and initiation potential (78, 82). The gene discussed is ALDH1A1; the disease is neoplasm.