Interestingly, polymorphisms in the NLRP3 gene have been associated with increased GC risk in a Chinese patient cohort, and significantly upregulated NLRP3 expression levels in GC patient tumor biopsies have been correlated with poor prognosis, with progressively higher expression levels observed from gastritis to dysplasia and ultimately adenocarcinoma (40, 41). Here, NLRP3 is linked to gastritis.