Angiogenesis in patients with diabetes is highly inflammatory and compromised.56 We previously reported that PBMNC characteristics during autologous cell therapy in patients with diabetes are proinflammatory.23 In contrast, post-QQ culture treatment resulted in increased CD206+ cells, CD34+/CD133+ cells, angiogenic T cells, and regulatory T cells in all cases, along with lower levels of CCR2+, CD56+, and CD19+ cells (Supplementary Fig. 2). Here, MRC1 is linked to diabetes mellitus.