CRYAB and diabetes mellitus: Interestingly, CRYAB upregulation in astrocytes and Müller glia cells has been linked with several disease-associated neuroinflammation models and diabetes rodent models, suggesting a role in the survival of cells or in activation of glia cells.63 Together with IF data, showing sprouting of astrocytes into retinal neuroepithelium, these findings suggest that the drug exposure results in cellular stress with an inflammation-like response, which may lead to astrocyte activation and/or remodeling as shown in animal studies associated with the retinal diseases.68,74,75