CD38 and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Since DMD displays an important oxidative stress and an important inflammatory response (Lawler, 2011; Terrill et al, 2013; Rosenberg et al, 2015), it is therefore likely that in this disease, these molecules play a major role in the upregulation of CD38 expression that might occur in muscle, endothelial cells, or immune cells during aging.