Examination of clinical data in breast cancer patients showed that although DKK1 expression was not significantly associated with survival outcome in the overall patient population, higher DKK1 expression was correlated with poorer survival outcome in lymph node-positive patients but not in lymph node-negative patients (Fig. 3k), hence supporting a functional impact of DKK1 in metastatic breast cancer. This evidence concerns the gene DKK1 and breast carcinoma.