The ATTICA study, investigated the risk stratification of apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein A1 and the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, in a random sample of adults, with an absence of cardiovascular disease, and showed that, using the area under the Receiver Operation Characteristic (ROC) curve, ApoB/ApoA1 was the best diagnostic marker of metabolic syndrome (32). The gene discussed is APOB; the disease is metabolic syndrome.