Importantly, the downregulated GWAS genes in astrocytes derived from the entorhinal cortex, such as NKAIN3, LRRC4C, CADM2, DLC1, APOE, TNIK, GADD45G, FRMD4A, CTNNA2, NPAS3, NCKAP5, RORA, etc., associated with AD pathogenesis, can be used either as biomarkers for neuropathology, AD or LOAD (Riaz et al., 2021). Here, NKAIN3 is linked to Alzheimer disease.