Our study showed that Tan IIA has a neuroprotective effect on acute sleep deprivation-induced cognitive impairment in rats, and its mechanism of action may be activating the CNR1/PI3K/AKT pathway in the hippocampal region, ameliorating hippocampal neuronal cell injury and inhibiting hippocampal cell apoptosis. This evidence concerns the gene CNR1 and Cognitive impairment.