AHR and metabolic disease: BPA can promote metabolic disorders through its endocrine-disrupting effect on multiple nuclear receptors, including the estrogen (Ohlstein et al., 2014; Acconcia et al., 2015), glucocorticoid (GR) (Zhang et al., 2019), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) (Nishizawa et al., 2005).