Interestingly, Hoxd8 is important for the maintenance of epithelial phenotype in adult kidney and is expressed in the ureteric bud during development (Di-Poï et al., 2007), while Hoxd10 is diffusely expressed in kidney mesenchyme in embryos; both Hoxd10 and Hoxd3 regulate Itga3 expression and have been involved in different types of cancer (Hua et al., 2020). Here, HOXD3 is linked to cancer.