Importantly, the effect of Nsp14 on cellular gene expression resembled the transcriptional changes that occur upon SARS-CoV-2 infection and included the activation of the NFkB pathway and the expression of CXCL8 (encoding IL8), a marker of acute severe respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19 patients (Adcock et al., 2015; Blanco-Melo et al., 2020; Kircheis et al., 2020). Here, CXCL8 is linked to newborn respiratory distress syndrome.