To expand more tumor-associated antigens in the TME, two trials used MRB and Ad-based OVs (MG1-MAGEA3 and Ad-MAGEA3; MG1-E6E7 and Ad-E6E7) in combination with ICBs for NSCLC or HPV-associated cancers (NCT02879760/ NCT03618953). Here, MAGEA3 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.