Consistent with previous observations that increased protein synthesis downstream of eIF4F is associated with the activation of distinct mRNA classes, including 5′ PES, and promotes tumorigenesis17, we uncovered that translation of mTOG-sensitive transcripts was dramatically increased solely in BM mononuclear cells (BMMCs) derived from patients with HR-MDS and sAML exhibiting reduced levels of mTOG and PUS7 (Fig. 3d and Supplementary Table 6). The gene discussed is PUS7; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.