Nevertheless, the mechanisms may be different in the two sets of experiments: while Hass et al showed that treatment of tumor-bearing mice with anti-MAPK increased the number of CD103+ DC cells in the TME, thereby activating CD8+ T cells, we proposed an alternative mechanism based on the elimination of the immune-suppressive CD11c+/CSF-1R+ cells. This evidence concerns the gene ITGAE and neoplasm.