ALB and chronic kidney disease: Across all reports, CKD was defined as eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m225–33 assessed by either the Modification of Diet Renal Disease (MDRD) formula25 26 28 29 31 33 or the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) formula.27 30–32 In addition to the eGFR assessment, Bradshaw et al27 and Wen et al29 defined CKD as a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥30 mg/g.